Adjective clause
1.relative pronoun
· Who
· Whom
· Whose
· That
· Which
2.relative adverb
· When
· Where
· Why
· That
A. who→orang(sebjek)
Ø 1.the man is very rich
2.he is standing there
→the man who is standing there is very rich
Ø 1.the man is happy
2.he won the lottery
→the man who won the lottery is happy
Ø 1.the woman comes from malaysia
2.she lives next door
→the woman who lives next door comes from malaysia
Ø 1.the doctor is heart specialist
2.he is examining the patient
→the doctor who is examining the patient is heart specialist
B. whom=orang(objek)
Ø 1.do you know the boy?
2.she loves him very much
=do you know the boy whom she loves very much
Ø 1.the foreigner come from UK
2.I had a conversation with him on a bus
=the foreigner whom I had a conversation on a bus come from UK
Ø 1.the girl is a bright student
2.I gave a special reward
=the girl whom I gave a special reward is a bright student
C. whose→orang(possessive)
Ø 1.the man comes from south America
2.his skin is black
=the man whose skin is black comes from south America
Ø 1.we fisited my uncle
2.his house is in the hill
=we visited my uncle whose house is in the hill
Ø 1.the book is about child education
2.it’s cover is blue
=the book whose cover is blue is about
v People (who) verb/to be
v People (whom) people
v People (whose) possessive/noun
1.the man who is standing there is rich
2.do you know the boy whom she loves very much
3.the man whose skin is black comes from south America
D. which→benda
v 1.the cat is funny
2.it’s sleeping under the table
=the cat which is sleeping under the table is funny
v 1.the movie which I saw last week was boring
v 1.the chair which he broke last night is being repaired
E. that→semua
v 1.the man that won the lottery is happy
F. when→waktu
v 1.this is the year when the Olympic games are held
G. where→tempat
v 1.here is the house where I live
H. why→alasan
v1.give me one good reason why you did that
MODAL + V1
Coul
My possibility (kemungkinan)
Might
Had better
Ought to advisable (saran)
Should
→ you should come on time
Shall intention (tujuan)
Will
→ they will come to your home tomorrow
Must necessity (keharusan)
Have to
Would pasthabte
· Where is joseph?
1. He could stay at home
2. He should stay at home
3. He must stay at home
4. He will stay at home
Could / may / might
→the speaker has no information and only guessing
Should / ought to
→the speaker has some information
Must
→the speaker almost sure
MODAL PAST EVENTS
Should seharusnya
Must have + V3 kesimpulan,waktu lampau
Could kemampuan / tidak dilakukan
Might kemungkinan pada masa lampau
· He should has studied hard
· This hous must have painted well
· They could have writen a novel
· The man night has been a president
COMPARATIVE / membandingkan
Ø - er → satu suku kata
Ø More → lebih dari 2 suku kata
Big – bigger
More beautiful than
Surya is more diligent than budi
My bag is bigger than her bag
Passive comparative superlative
Expensive more expensive most expensive
Full fuller fullest
Fres fresher freshest
Exciting more exciting most exciting
Dangerous more dangerous most dangerous
Cheap cheaper cheapest
Funny funnier funniest
Popular more popular most popular
Kong longer dongest
Deep depper deppest
SUPERLATIVE / paling
Ø - est → satu suku kata
Ø The most → lebih dari 2 suku kata
Ex :
1. He’s the smartest student
2. Tono is smarter than budi
3. John is as smart as jeans
IRREGULAR FORMS OF C.S
Good better best
Bad worse worst
Far further furthest
Little less least
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
· IF + V͟1 .modal 1 + V1
Be1 →is, am, are, have / has
→ real , mungkin terjadi
Ex :
a. If I have money , I will go to LA.
b. If she goes there , she will meet her.
c. If I have enough apples , I will bake an aplle pie.
· IF + V͟2 .modal II + V1
Were
Modal II → would , could , might
→ unreal , bertentangan dengan sekarang
→ tidak mungkin terjadi
Ex :
a. If I were a president , I would overcome the corruption
→ I’m not a president
b. If I were you , I would go with him
→ I’m not you
· IF + h͟ad + V3 , modal II + have + V3
Had been
→ unral , bertentangan dengan masa lalu
a. If I had been a president , I would have jailed the corruptor
→I was not a president
b. If you had gone there yesterday , you would have met him
→you didn’t go yesterday
CONJUNCTION
· And → sejajar
→ I like playing foodball and watching movie
→ I don’t eat meatball and drink coffee
· Not oaly ………….. but also ………………
→she is not only smart but also beautiful
· Eventhough → kindisi negative ( - ) , hasil positif ( + )
→eventhogh ram hadn’t studied , he passed the exam
Although →kondisi positif ( + ), hasil negative ( - )
→althought ram had studied very hard , he didn’t score well
· a . because , although , eventhoug + clause (S + V)
b . because of , due to , in spite of / despite + noun
c . because of you , I got an accident
d . because I got an accident , I have only one leg
PRESENT (sekarang)
—simple
—continous
—perfect
—perfect continous
Ex :
1. she goes to school everyday
2. she is going to school now
3. she has just gone to school
4. she has been going to school since 6 o’clock
PAST (lalu)
—simple
—continous
—perfect
—perfect continous
Ex :
1. she went to school yesterday
2. she was going to school at 6 AM this morning
3. she had gone to school when her mother had been cooking in the kitchen this morning
FUTURE (akan)
—simple
—continous
—perfect
—perfect continous
Ex :
1. she will go to school
2. she is going to go to school
3. she will be going to school at 7 AM tomorrow
4. she will have gone to school by the time my mother will have been going to the market.
Be + V3
1. my mom cleans the room everymornig
→the room is cleaned by my mom everymorning
2. my mom is cleaning the room now
→the room is being cleaned by my mom now
3. my mom has must cleaned the room
→the room has been cleaned
4. my mom has been cleaning the room
→the room has been being cleaned by my mom
5. my mom cleaned the room
→the room was being cleaned by my mom
6. my mom was cleaning the room
→the room was being cleaned by my mom
7. my mom will clean the room
→the room will be cleaned by my mom
8. my mom is going to clean the room
→the room is going to be cleaned by my mom
TECHNIQUES IN READING
Ø Skimming →baca sekilas
· To find the general information
a. Read a newspaper
b. To find the idea in a text
Ø Scanning
· To find the specific information
Ø Context clue
· Comprehend the unfamiliar word based on the context.
GERUND
Kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja V-ing
1.As subject:
a. swimming is a good sport
b. your singing is very beatifull
c. my feeling says that
d. gardening is one of my hobbies
2.After verb
Admit mind continue
Appreciate miss dislike
Avoid object to hate
Consider postpone like
Confess to practice love
Complete quit lookforward to
Delay regret start
Deny suggest stop
Enjoy begin remember
Finish can’t stand forget
a) Let us go shopping
b) She loves playing volley
S L O W N O T F LA S H
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
See listento observe watch notice fell lookat smell hear
O + V – ing
1. I love playing football
2. I want to stop smoking
3. Have you finished reading the book yet?
4. I am looking forward to seeing you son
5. No one has confessed to stealing my money yet
6. My brother never forgets locking his car
7. I like fishing on Sunday
3.After preposition
a) he gavve up smoking because of his doctor’s advise
b) i’m worried about making mistakes
c) are you afraid of sleeping in the dark?
d) Will you be capable of finishing your work by noon tomorrow?
e) He always has an axcuse for being late
f) Have you found the best method for improving your english?
g) After doing the homework ,i will play football
h) Cats usually snore while sleeping
Question Tags
Question tags = pertanyaan singkat
( + ) she speaks english
( - ) she doesn’t speak english
( ? ) does she spaek english ?
( QT ) she speaks english, doesn’t she ?
( QT ) she doesn’t speak english, does she ?
QT→ SENTENCE ,QT
a. ( - ) , ( + )
b. ( + ) , ( - )
1. That’s a great song , isn’t it?
2. They are working at the office now aren’t they?
3. He can play the trumpet, can’t he?
4. You haven’t finished yet , have you?
5. It was cold yesterday , wasn’t it?
6. He went to the party last nigt , didn’t he?
7. We were waiting at the station, weren’t we?
8. She’s been studying a lot recently , hasn’t she?
9. She’ll come at six , won’t she?
10. They won’t be late will they?
Avold : gerund
Avold : eating/Ving
She works
If V₂/were , modal II + v₁
Modal + V₁
1. According to
Will be cloudy/adj,adv,naun
Will go/verb
A heavy rain
